[Cialug] CentOS 7

Kelly Slaugh kelly at visionary.com
Wed Jul 9 11:52:38 CDT 2014


There is a Kernel command to change the Network configurations back to the older style.

Add "net.ifnames=0" to the Kernel arguments and your network verbosity will change back to the eth0 style.  

So I've read, https://access.redhat.com/discussions/644133 

Hey, Barry how was Brazil?  Amazing time I bet...:)

Kelly L. Slaugh 

-----Original Message-----
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Sent: Wednesday, July 09, 2014 11:48 AM
To: cialug at cialug.org
Subject: Cialug Digest, Vol 111, Issue 10

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Today's Topics:

   1. Re: CentOS 7 (Scott Yates)
   2. Re: CentOS 7 (David Michael)
   3. Re: CentOS 7 (David Champion)
   4. Re: CentOS 7 (Daniel A. Ramaley)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 2014 11:03:39 -0500
From: Scott Yates <Scott at yatesframe.com>
To: Central Iowa Linux Users Group <cialug at cialug.org>
Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
Message-ID:
	<CAM_0QiV+Wa+OEJ6JcqqGmCUM99S0QadK1DrFxgYSXxE1dVu_4w at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

That's funny, I kind of got a VMS vibe too.  8)  Ahhhhh, the memories.


On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:01 AM, Nathan C. Smith <NSmith at hhlawpc.com> wrote:

> Those command examples seem more powershell/MicroSofty/VMS-like in 
> their verbosity to me.  If the people leading the way are saying it is 
> better I will learn it.
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: cialug-bounces at cialug.org [mailto:cialug-bounces at cialug.org] On 
> Behalf Of David Champion
> Sent: Wednesday, July 09, 2014 10:55 AM
> To: Central Iowa Linux Users Group
> Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
>
> I had to install ifconfig on CentOS 7, it wasn't installed by default.
>
> I know we can change it back, but I really don't understand the 
> purpose of renaming eth0 to enp<random stuff>... I think they just wanted to be "cool"
> like the BSD kids.
>
> -dc
>
>
> On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:48 AM, Will <staticphantom at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > My 2 cents. As someone involved with the development of 2 Arch 
> > derivatives now I have found that once people start using systemd 
> > they never really want to go back to using anything else.
> >
> > As for the comment about network going to eth0 to enp<random stuff> 
> > that can fixed if you desire.
> >
> > -Will C
> >
> >
> > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:41 AM, Scott Yates <Scott at yatesframe.com>
> wrote:
> >
> > > Ish.
> > >
> > > Looks like some aliases are in order.
> > >
> > >
> > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:40 AM, Jeffrey Ollie <jeff at ocjtech.us>
> wrote:
> > >
> > > > Sorry to disappoint everyone, but Debian will be switching to 
> > > > systemd
> > in
> > > a
> > > > future version. Personally I feel that systemd is a big
> improvement...
> > > > On Jul 9, 2014 9:10 AM, "Daniel A. Ramaley"
> > > > <daniel.ramaley at drake.edu>
> > > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > Seconded. Wish i worked in a Debian shop instead of a Red Hat one.
> > Red
> > > > > Hat is not a bad distro; i actually like it. I just like 
> > > > > Debian
> > better.
> > > > > I've not yet played with RH 7.
> > > > >
> > > > > On 2014-07-09 at 08:58:07 Scott Yates wrote:
> > > > > > Big thumbs up for Debian!
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 8:55 AM, Nathan C. Smith <
> > NSmith at hhlawpc.com>
> > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > Debian is still here for you, doing things the way you 
> > > > > > > know and love.
> > > > > __
> > > > > Daniel A. Ramaley
> > > > > Network Engineer 2
> > > > >
> > > > > Dial Center 122, Drake University
> > > > > 2407 Carpenter Ave / Des Moines IA 50311 USA
> > > > > Tel: +1 515 271-4540
> > > > > Fax: +1 515 271-1938
> > > > > E-mail: daniel.ramaley at drake.edu
> > > > >
> > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Cialug mailing list
> > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Cialug mailing list
> > Cialug at cialug.org
> > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Cialug mailing list
> Cialug at cialug.org
> http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
>
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>
> [http://owa.hhlawpc.com/graphics/HHLogo.jpg]<http://www.hhlawpc.com>
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------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 2014 11:09:22 -0500
From: David Michael <1.david.michael at gmail.com>
To: Central Iowa Linux Users Group <cialug at cialug.org>
Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
Message-ID:
	<CAMOhij-GgNa3=Sw0XkQ6bk-VX66uUfnxXPrsk6D7xK8BYoW+7g at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Network device name changes definitely make sense for servers with more than one network interface.

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Networking_Guide/ch-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html


On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:03 AM, Scott Yates <Scott at yatesframe.com> wrote:

> That's funny, I kind of got a VMS vibe too.  8)  Ahhhhh, the memories.
>
>
> On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:01 AM, Nathan C. Smith <NSmith at hhlawpc.com>
> wrote:
>
> > Those command examples seem more powershell/MicroSofty/VMS-like in 
> > their verbosity to me.  If the people leading the way are saying it 
> > is better I will learn it.
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: cialug-bounces at cialug.org [mailto:cialug-bounces at cialug.org] 
> > On Behalf Of David Champion
> > Sent: Wednesday, July 09, 2014 10:55 AM
> > To: Central Iowa Linux Users Group
> > Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
> >
> > I had to install ifconfig on CentOS 7, it wasn't installed by default.
> >
> > I know we can change it back, but I really don't understand the 
> > purpose
> of
> > renaming eth0 to enp<random stuff>... I think they just wanted to be
> "cool"
> > like the BSD kids.
> >
> > -dc
> >
> >
> > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:48 AM, Will <staticphantom at gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > > My 2 cents. As someone involved with the development of 2 Arch 
> > > derivatives now I have found that once people start using systemd 
> > > they never really want to go back to using anything else.
> > >
> > > As for the comment about network going to eth0 to enp<random 
> > > stuff> that can fixed if you desire.
> > >
> > > -Will C
> > >
> > >
> > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:41 AM, Scott Yates 
> > > <Scott at yatesframe.com>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > > Ish.
> > > >
> > > > Looks like some aliases are in order.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:40 AM, Jeffrey Ollie <jeff at ocjtech.us>
> > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > Sorry to disappoint everyone, but Debian will be switching to 
> > > > > systemd
> > > in
> > > > a
> > > > > future version. Personally I feel that systemd is a big
> > improvement...
> > > > > On Jul 9, 2014 9:10 AM, "Daniel A. Ramaley"
> > > > > <daniel.ramaley at drake.edu>
> > > > > wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > > Seconded. Wish i worked in a Debian shop instead of a Red 
> > > > > > Hat
> one.
> > > Red
> > > > > > Hat is not a bad distro; i actually like it. I just like 
> > > > > > Debian
> > > better.
> > > > > > I've not yet played with RH 7.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On 2014-07-09 at 08:58:07 Scott Yates wrote:
> > > > > > > Big thumbs up for Debian!
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 8:55 AM, Nathan C. Smith <
> > > NSmith at hhlawpc.com>
> > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > Debian is still here for you, doing things the way you 
> > > > > > > > know and love.
> > > > > > __
> > > > > > Daniel A. Ramaley
> > > > > > Network Engineer 2
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Dial Center 122, Drake University
> > > > > > 2407 Carpenter Ave / Des Moines IA 50311 USA
> > > > > > Tel: +1 515 271-4540
> > > > > > Fax: +1 515 271-1938
> > > > > > E-mail: daniel.ramaley at drake.edu
> > > > > >
> > > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > > >
> > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Cialug mailing list
> > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Cialug mailing list
> > Cialug at cialug.org
> > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> >
> > ________________________________
> >
> > [http://owa.hhlawpc.com/graphics/HHLogo.jpg]<http://www.hhlawpc.com>
> > This E-mail (including any attachments) is covered by the Electronic 
> > Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. ?? 2510-2521, is confidential 
> > and
> may
> > contain attorney-client materials and/or attorney work product, 
> > legally privileged and protected from disclosure.  If you are not 
> > the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any retention, 
> > dissemination, distribution, or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited.
> >  Please respond to the sender that you have received the message in
> error,
> > then delete it and destroy any and all copies of it.  If you are a 
> > client of our firm, this e-mail confirms that communication to you 
> > by e-mail is
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> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Cialug mailing list
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> >
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>



--
David Michael


------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Wed, 9 Jul 2014 11:36:45 -0500
From: David Champion <dchamp1337 at gmail.com>
To: Central Iowa Linux Users Group <cialug at cialug.org>
Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
Message-ID:
	<CAJ7QWVMxr3O94Y89PaM2+2RMES3dHMNkx1NWeMkamEKC9MdPWQ at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

There certainly is quite a bit of dissent about systemd... there's a lot of
bad design in it, a lot of people think it's trying to fix a problem that
didn't exist.

http://igurublog.wordpress.com/2014/04/03/tso-and-linus-and-the-impotent-rage-against-systemd/

-dc


On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:09 AM, David Michael <1.david.michael at gmail.com>
wrote:

> Network device name changes definitely make sense for servers with more
> than one network interface.
>
>
> https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Networking_Guide/ch-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html
>
>
> On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:03 AM, Scott Yates <Scott at yatesframe.com> wrote:
>
> > That's funny, I kind of got a VMS vibe too.  8)  Ahhhhh, the memories.
> >
> >
> > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:01 AM, Nathan C. Smith <NSmith at hhlawpc.com>
> > wrote:
> >
> > > Those command examples seem more powershell/MicroSofty/VMS-like in
> their
> > > verbosity to me.  If the people leading the way are saying it is
> better I
> > > will learn it.
> > >
> > >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: cialug-bounces at cialug.org [mailto:cialug-bounces at cialug.org] On
> > > Behalf Of David Champion
> > > Sent: Wednesday, July 09, 2014 10:55 AM
> > > To: Central Iowa Linux Users Group
> > > Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
> > >
> > > I had to install ifconfig on CentOS 7, it wasn't installed by default.
> > >
> > > I know we can change it back, but I really don't understand the purpose
> > of
> > > renaming eth0 to enp<random stuff>... I think they just wanted to be
> > "cool"
> > > like the BSD kids.
> > >
> > > -dc
> > >
> > >
> > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:48 AM, Will <staticphantom at gmail.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > > My 2 cents. As someone involved with the development of 2 Arch
> > > > derivatives now I have found that once people start using systemd
> they
> > > > never really want to go back to using anything else.
> > > >
> > > > As for the comment about network going to eth0 to enp<random stuff>
> > > > that can fixed if you desire.
> > > >
> > > > -Will C
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:41 AM, Scott Yates <Scott at yatesframe.com>
> > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > Ish.
> > > > >
> > > > > Looks like some aliases are in order.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:40 AM, Jeffrey Ollie <jeff at ocjtech.us>
> > > wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > > Sorry to disappoint everyone, but Debian will be switching to
> > > > > > systemd
> > > > in
> > > > > a
> > > > > > future version. Personally I feel that systemd is a big
> > > improvement...
> > > > > > On Jul 9, 2014 9:10 AM, "Daniel A. Ramaley"
> > > > > > <daniel.ramaley at drake.edu>
> > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > > Seconded. Wish i worked in a Debian shop instead of a Red Hat
> > one.
> > > > Red
> > > > > > > Hat is not a bad distro; i actually like it. I just like Debian
> > > > better.
> > > > > > > I've not yet played with RH 7.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On 2014-07-09 at 08:58:07 Scott Yates wrote:
> > > > > > > > Big thumbs up for Debian!
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 8:55 AM, Nathan C. Smith <
> > > > NSmith at hhlawpc.com>
> > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > Debian is still here for you, doing things the way you know
> > > > > > > > > and love.
> > > > > > > __
> > > > > > > Daniel A. Ramaley
> > > > > > > Network Engineer 2
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Dial Center 122, Drake University
> > > > > > > 2407 Carpenter Ave / Des Moines IA 50311 USA
> > > > > > > Tel: +1 515 271-4540
> > > > > > > Fax: +1 515 271-1938
> > > > > > > E-mail: daniel.ramaley at drake.edu
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > > >
> > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > >
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Cialug mailing list
> > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > >
> > > ________________________________
> > >
> > > [http://owa.hhlawpc.com/graphics/HHLogo.jpg]<http://www.hhlawpc.com>
> > > This E-mail (including any attachments) is covered by the Electronic
> > > Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. ?? 2510-2521, is confidential and
> > may
> > > contain attorney-client materials and/or attorney work product, legally
> > > privileged and protected from disclosure.  If you are not the intended
> > > recipient, you are hereby notified that any retention, dissemination,
> > > distribution, or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited.
> > >  Please respond to the sender that you have received the message in
> > error,
> > > then delete it and destroy any and all copies of it.  If you are a
> client
> > > of our firm, this e-mail confirms that communication to you by e-mail
> is
> > an
> > > acceptable way to transmit attorney-client information.  Thank you.
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Cialug mailing list
> > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Cialug mailing list
> > Cialug at cialug.org
> > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> >
>
>
>
> --
> David Michael
> _______________________________________________
> Cialug mailing list
> Cialug at cialug.org
> http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
>


------------------------------

Message: 4
Date: Wed, 09 Jul 2014 11:47:36 -0500
From: "Daniel A. Ramaley" <daniel.ramaley at drake.edu>
To: cialug at cialug.org
Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
Message-ID: <4933224.cVU6zF1H9n at dan>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

"names are fully automatic, fully predictable, that they stay fixed even 
if hardware is added or removed"

That sounds lovely. I'm accustomed to eth0 through eth<whatever> and 
like the brevity of the older names, but having to guess which one is 
which after replacing a bad interface has always been a pain.

Granted, it is rare that i have to replace an interface. In the past 10 
years i can think of twice that i've had to worry about it. Generally 
once a system is installed the devices retain their numbers; i think on 
Red Hat that by default the MAC of each interface gets written to 
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth* to ensure that they don't 
change.

So really, what problem is this trying to solve? I can see both sides of 
this one. It would be nice to have constant device names, but it is 
fixing such a rare problem that i'm not sure if it justifies the effort 
of changing it.

On 2014-07-09 at 11:09:22 David Michael wrote:
> Network device name changes definitely make sense for servers with
> more than one network interface.
> 
> https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux
> /7/html/Networking_Guide/ch-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html
> On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:03 AM, Scott Yates <Scott at yatesframe.com> 
wrote:
> > That's funny, I kind of got a VMS vibe too.  8)  Ahhhhh, the
> > memories.
> > 
> > 
> > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:01 AM, Nathan C. Smith
> > <NSmith at hhlawpc.com>
> > 
> > wrote:
> > > Those command examples seem more powershell/MicroSofty/VMS-like in
> > > their verbosity to me.  If the people leading the way are saying
> > > it is better I will learn it.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: cialug-bounces at cialug.org [mailto:cialug-bounces at cialug.org]
> > > On
> > > Behalf Of David Champion
> > > Sent: Wednesday, July 09, 2014 10:55 AM
> > > To: Central Iowa Linux Users Group
> > > Subject: Re: [Cialug] CentOS 7
> > > 
> > > I had to install ifconfig on CentOS 7, it wasn't installed by
> > > default.
> > > 
> > > I know we can change it back, but I really don't understand the
> > > purpose> 
> > of
> > 
> > > renaming eth0 to enp<random stuff>... I think they just wanted to
> > > be
> > 
> > "cool"
> > 
> > > like the BSD kids.
> > > 
> > > -dc
> > > 
> > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:48 AM, Will <staticphantom at gmail.com> 
wrote:
> > > > My 2 cents. As someone involved with the development of 2 Arch
> > > > derivatives now I have found that once people start using
> > > > systemd they never really want to go back to using anything
> > > > else.
> > > > 
> > > > As for the comment about network going to eth0 to enp<random
> > > > stuff>
> > > > that can fixed if you desire.
> > > > 
> > > > -Will C
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 11:41 AM, Scott Yates
> > > > <Scott at yatesframe.com>
> > > 
> > > wrote:
> > > > > Ish.
> > > > > 
> > > > > Looks like some aliases are in order.
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 10:40 AM, Jeffrey Ollie
> > > > > <jeff at ocjtech.us>
> > > 
> > > wrote:
> > > > > > Sorry to disappoint everyone, but Debian will be switching
> > > > > > to
> > > > > > systemd
> > > > 
> > > > in
> > > > 
> > > > > a
> > > > > 
> > > > > > future version. Personally I feel that systemd is a big
> > > 
> > > improvement...
> > > 
> > > > > > On Jul 9, 2014 9:10 AM, "Daniel A. Ramaley"
> > > > > > <daniel.ramaley at drake.edu>
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > Seconded. Wish i worked in a Debian shop instead of a Red
> > > > > > > Hat
> > 
> > one.
> > 
> > > > Red
> > > > 
> > > > > > > Hat is not a bad distro; i actually like it. I just like
> > > > > > > Debian
> > > > 
> > > > better.
> > > > 
> > > > > > > I've not yet played with RH 7.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > On 2014-07-09 at 08:58:07 Scott Yates wrote:
> > > > > > > > Big thumbs up for Debian!
> > > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 8:55 AM, Nathan C. Smith <
> > > > 
> > > > NSmith at hhlawpc.com>
> > > > 
> > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > Debian is still here for you, doing things the way you
> > > > > > > > > know
> > > > > > > > > and love.
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > __
> > > > > > > Daniel A. Ramaley
> > > > > > > Network Engineer 2
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > Dial Center 122, Drake University
> > > > > > > 2407 Carpenter Ave / Des Moines IA 50311 USA
> > > > > > > Tel: +1 515 271-4540
> > > > > > > Fax: +1 515 271-1938
> > > > > > > E-mail: daniel.ramaley at drake.edu
> > > > > > > 
> > > > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > > 
> > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > > 
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Cialug mailing list
> > > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Cialug mailing list
> > > Cialug at cialug.org
> > > http://cialug.org/mailman/listinfo/cialug
> > > 
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> > > m>
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__
Daniel A. Ramaley
Network Engineer 2

Dial Center 122, Drake University
2407 Carpenter Ave / Des Moines IA 50311 USA
Tel: +1 515 271-4540
Fax: +1 515 271-1938
E-mail: daniel.ramaley at drake.edu



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End of Cialug Digest, Vol 111, Issue 10
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